The complex nature of the interface necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the multitude of determining factors that contribute to its overall impact. Beginning from the synthesis, the structural characteristics depend upon the crystallisation kinetics giving rise to the formation of the interface. The phase distribution of 2D fragments onto/into 3D film, in turn, is influenced by the homogeneity of the organic spacer cations. Recent research has shown that large cations at 2D-on-3D interfaces are mobile.

 

Hence, absorber layer structure, if not appropriately studied, could lead to the induction of defect states unknowingly.  Further, the photophysical properties such as absorption, emission and exciton dynamics depend upon the structural rigidity and interface integrity. One of the main challenges in studying heterostructures is to probe the interface between the different materials accurately. Often, researchers are limited to investigating only the 3D or 2D side of the heterostructure, which may not provide a complete picture of the properties and behaviour of the interface.

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The focus of my research is the fabrication of efficient 3D-2D perovskite heterostructure-based devices. Initially, with extensive experimentation, the surface and bulk of 3D-perovskite will be studied at the nanoscale using imaging techniques and spectroscopic techniques. Finally, using the gained perspectives and output, 3D-2D perovskite-based devices being considered as the potential candidates for the development of unassisted solar water-splitting systems due to their extended durability, stability, and panchromatic absorption properties; the solar devices will be integrated with electrolyzers for hydrogen production.